Table 5 Relationship between cognitive domain impairment and the educational level (high and low) among studied Egyptian elderly with cognitive impairement, 2020–2022 (n = 236)

Learning and verbal memory

20.604

< 0.001^*

 Normal

121

79.6

43

51.2

 Impaired

31

20.4

41

48.8

Working memory

17.557

< 0.001^*

 Normal

28

18.4

0

0.0

 Impaired

124

81.6

84

100.0

Visuospatial

21.289

< 0.001^*

 Normal

1

0.7

13

15.5

 Impaired

151

99.3

71

84.5

Executive

11.786

0.001^*

 Normal

58

38.2

14

16.7

 Impaired

94

61.8

70

83.3

Attention

1.577

0.209

 Normal

42

27.6

17

20.2

 Impaired

110

72.4

67

79.8

Language & semantic memory

11.409

0.001^*

 Normal

10

6.6

18

21.4

 Impaired

142

93.4

66

78.6

Abstraction

0.898

0.343

 Normal

135

88.8

71

84.5

 Impaired

17

11.2

13

15.5

Judgment

0.179

0.672

 Normal

112

73.7

64

76.2

 Impaired

40

26.3

20

23.8