Table 1 The chemical composition of dokha [28,29,30,31] and e-cigarettes [32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40]
From: A literature review addressing midwakh and e-cigarette use in the Gulf region
Reported findings on chemical composition | Midwakh | E-cigarettes |
|---|---|---|
Chemicals | Tar Nicotine Carbon monoxide Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) Nitrosamines Cycloheptatriene 2-Methylfuran M-xylene Benzene | Nicotine Flavoring agents Propylene glycol (PG) Vegetable glycerine (VG) Hydroxycarbonyls Acetaldehyde Formaldehyde Acrolein N′-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) 4-(Methylonitrosoamino)-1-(3-pirydyl)-l-butanone (NNK) Benzaldehyde Vanillin Ethyl vanillin Cinnamaldehyde |
Trace metals | Acrylonitrile Acrylamide CNS depressants Lead Cobalt Aluminum Nickel Copper Chromium Manganese Iron Potassium Calcium Zinc Magnesium Strontium | Iron Chromium Aluminum Nichrome Copper Zinc Silver Lead |