Table 2 Injection process practices observed among observed staff who had injection role at Fayoum’s primary health care facilities, 2019
Injection process practices observed | Type of injection | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lab investigation N (%) | Vaccination N (%) | Family planning N (%) | Therapeutic injection N (%) | Total sample N (%) | P value | |
The provider cleaned his/her hands before preparing an injection (either water and soap or alcohol based hand rub (n = 520) | 70(63.6) | 174(53.9) | 41(59.4) | 10(55.6) | 295(56.7) | 0.33 |
The provider wore a new pair of gloves, n = 520 | 78(70.9) | 120(37.2) | 26(37.1) | 11(61.1) | 235(45.1) | .001* |
N-patient brought his/her syringe and needle for the observed injection n = 520 | 98(89.1) | 0(0) | 59(85.5) | 12(66.7) | 169(32.5) | .001 |
Injections were prepared by aseptic technique in clean area n = 410 | NA | 323(100) | 69(100) | 18(100) | 410(100) | – |
The provider used a new syringe every time before procedure, n = 520 | 110(100) | 323(100) | 70(100) | 18(100) | 520(100) | – |
Needle and syringe were used for only one patient | 110(100) | 323(100) | 70(100) | 18(100) | 520(100) | – |
The rubber cap on medication vial is disinfected with alcohol rub prior piercing n = 410 | NA | 190(58.5) | 43(62.3) | 10(55.6) | 243(59.2) | 0.07 |
Multi-dose vials were entered every time with a new needle and syringes n =323 | NA | 323(100) | NA | NA | 323(100) | – |
Multi-dose vials were dated when they had been first opened and discarded within 28 days unless there are some manufactured precautions, n = 323, p value | NA | 260(80.5) | NA | NA | 260(80.5) | – |
A gauze barrier was used when breaking glass ampoules to avoid stick injuries n = 410 | NA | 169(52.3) | 28(40) | 16(88.9) | 213(51.9) | .001* |
Readymade sterile water or manufacture’s after for reconstitution of vials was use, n = 410 | NA | 287(88.9) | 60(85.7) | 12(66.7) | 359(87.5) | .001* |
The expire and validity of drugs exposure to heat or light was checked, n = 410 | NA | 260(80.5) | 56(80) | 12(66.7) | 328(80) | .001* |
The injection site was cleansed and/or disinfected before the injection, n = 520 | 78(70.9) | 233(72.1) | 50(71.2) | 10(55.6) | 371(71.2) | 0.51 |
Aseptic non-touch technique for the vein was applied after preparation, n = 128 | 110(100) | NA | NA | 18(100) | 128(100) | – |
After the procedure, the provider used a clean gauze pad and gently apply pressure to the puncture site to stop bleeding, n = 520 | 78(70.9) | 152 (47.1) | 35(50) | 12(66.7) | 277(53.2) | .001* |
N-recapping of syringes was done by the provider n = 520 | 80(72.7) | 248(76.8) | 51(72.9) | 6(33.3) | 385(73.9) | .001* |
After procedure, a needle remover or needle destroyer was used for each procedure, n = 520 | 0(0) | 2(.6) | 0(0) | 0(0) | 2(.6) | 0.71 |
Immediate disposal of used needles and syringes in sharp box/container was done, n = 520 | 52(47.3) | 273(84.5) | 60(85.7) | 12(66.7) | 397(76.2) | .001* |
After procedure, the provider cleaned the work area with disinfectant if there is blood or body fluid contamination, n = 520 | 96(87.3) | 177(54.8) | 41(58.6) | 16(88.9) | 330(63.3) | .001* |
After procedure, the provider cleaned his/her hands (either water and soap or alcohol based hand rub), n = 520 | 86(78.2) | 225(69.7) | 50(71.4) | 12(66.7) | 373(71.6) | 0.31 |