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Table 1 Determinants and barriers of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among healthcare workers in the studied hospitals according to the state of acceptance and hesitancy to take the vaccine during March and April 2021, Ismailia, Egypt

From: Determinants of coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine acceptance, hesitancy, and barriers among healthcare workers in Ismailia, Egypt: a mixed methods study

Determinants

Not accepting

(n = 246)

Frequency (%)

Accepting

(n = 139)

Frequency (%)

Hesitating

(n = 115)

Frequency (%)

p value

Socio-demographic factors

 Gender

  • Male

59 (38.8)

65 (42.8)

28 (18.4)

< 0.0011*

  • Female

187 (53.7)

74 (21.3

87 (25)

 

 Education level

  • Middle education

129 (57.3)

44 (19.6)

52 (23.1)

 

  • Higher education

57 (53.3)

32 (29.9)

18 (16.8)

< 0.0011*

  • Postgraduate education

60 (35.7)

63 (37.5)

45 (26.8)

 

 Occupation

  • Physician

53 (37.1)

57 (39.9)

33 (23.1)

 

  • Pharmacist

29 (46.8)

15 (24.2)

18 (29)

0.0022*

  • Nurse

144 (56.3)

54 (21.1)

58 (22.7)

 

  • Technician

20 (51.3)

13 (33.3)

6 (15.4)

 

 Place of work

  • SCU teaching hospital

156 (54.5)

59 (20.6)

71 (24.8)

 

  • MoH affiliated hospital

59 (47.6)

41 (33.1)

24 (19.4)

< 0.0011*

  • SCA hospital

31 (34.4)

39 (43.3)

20 (22.2)

 

 Having children

  • No

59 (59)

27 (27)

14 (14)

0.0231*

  • Yes

163 (46)

99 (28)

92 (26)

 

COVID-19 history and perception of infection risk

 Anxious about infection

  • No

69 (60)

31 (27)

15 (13)

0.0071*

  • Yes

177 (46)

108 (28.1)

100 (26)

 

SARS-CoV 2 virus and pandemic perception

 Do you think that SARS CoV 2 is a natural virus that spread accidentally?

  • No

160 (55.0)

66 (22.7)

65 (22.3)

0.0031*

  • Yes

86 (41.1)

73 (34.9)

50 (23.9)

Knowledge and perception about COVID-19 vaccine

 Has your information about the vaccine helped you to make a decision regarding accepting or refusing to uptake the vaccine?

  • No

118 (56.5)

33 (15.8)

58 (27.8)

< 0.0011*

  • Yes

128 (44)

106 (36.4)

57 (19.6)

 Do you think that the vaccine had a role in stopping the pandemic?

  • No

183 (67.5)

29 (10.7)

59 (21.8)

< 0.0011*

  • Yes

63 (27.5)

110 (48)

56 (24.5)

 Do you think that the vaccine had a role in reducing disease complications?

  • No

154 (69.1)

16 (7.2)

53 (23.8)

< 0.0011*

  • Yes

92 (33.2)

123 (44.4)

62 (22.4)

 Do you think that the vaccine is effective?

  • No

193 (68.4)

23 (8.2)

66 (23.4)

< 0.0011*

  • Yes

53 (24.3)

116 (53.2)

49 (22.5)

 

 Do you think that the vaccine is safe?

  • No

229 (60.7)

43 (11.4)

105 (27.9)

< 0.0011*

  • Yes

17 (13.8)

96 (78)

10 (8.1)

 Do you think that evidence regarding vaccine safety and effectiveness is sufficient?

  • No

229 (53.4)

91 (21.2)

109 (25.4)

< 0.0011*

  • Yes

17 (23.9)

48 (67.6)

6 (8.5)

 

 Do you think that the vaccine has serious side effects?

  • No

75 (40.8)

81 (44)

28 (15.2)

< 0.0011*

  • Yes

171 (54.1)

58 (18.4)

87 (27.5)

 

 Do you think that the vaccine can infect you with the virus?

  • No

75 (38.7)

83 (42.8)

36 (18.6)

< 0.0011*

  • Yes

171 (55.9)

56 (18.3)

79 (25.8)

 

 Are you vaccine opponent in general?

  • No

158 (40.7)

132 (34)

98 (25.3)

< 0.0011*

  • Yes

88 (78.6)

7 (6.3)

17 (15.2)

Trust in governmental policies in dealing with the pandemic and trust in healthcare facility

 Do you trust governmental policy in dealing with the pandemic?

  • No

145 (57.1)

50 (19.7)

59 (23.2)

< 0.0011*

  • Yes

101 (41.1)

89 (36.2)

56 (22.8)

 

 Do you trust the healthcare facility that you work for?

  • No

127 (57.7)

38 (17.3)

55 (25)

< 0.0011*

  • Yes

119 (42.5)

101 (36.1)

60 (21.4)

 

 Do you accept the use of emergency law to vaccinate the public?

  • No

84 (61.8)

26 (19.1)

26 (19.1)

 

  • Yes

13 (18.6)

44 (62.9)

13 (18.6)

< 0.0011*

  • Do not know

149 (50.7)

69 (23.5)

76 (25.9)

 

 Do you think medical mistakes are common?

  • No

14 (32.6)

18 (41.9)

11 (25.6)

 

  • Yes

164 (48.4)

101 (29.8)

74 (21.8)

0.0101*

  • Do not know

68 (57.6)

20 (16.9)

30 (25.4)

 

History of influenza vaccine

 Have you received seasonal influenza vaccine previously?

  • No

193 (55.6)

66 (18.9)

88 (25.4)

< 0.0011*

  • Yes

53 (34.6)

73 (47.7)

27 (17.6)

 

 How many times did you receive it in the past 3 years?

  • Once

36 (40.4)

37 (41.6)

16 (18)

 

  • Twice

13 (29.5)

23 (52.3)

8 (18.2)

 

  • 3 times

8 (40.0)

5 (25.0)

7 (35)

< 0.0011*

  • Never

189 (54.5)

74 (21.3)

84 (24.2)

 
  1. SCU Suez Canal University, MoH Ministry of Health and population
  2. Data are presented as frequency and percentage;
  3. 1Chi square test
  4. *Statistically significant at p < 0.05