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Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association

Table 7 EC50 and NOEC (mg/L) of nanoformulations compared with technical and commercial formulated pyrethroids to freshwater microalga R. subcapitata. The 95% confidence limits of the EC50 values are indicated in parentheses

From: Enhanced mosquitocidal efficacy of pyrethroid insecticides by nanometric emulsion preparation towards Culex pipiens larvae with biochemical and molecular docking studies

Insecticide

Formulation

Toxicity endpoint

96 h EC50 (mg/L)

NOEC (mg/L)

GHS hazard statement

Alpha-cypermethrin

T

69.33 (38.15–145.54)

6.932

H402

 

EC

16.98 (10.99–29.01)

1.698

H402

 

NE

101.11 (38.08–409.14

1.011

S

Lambda-cyhalothrin

T

33.89 (15.93–94.27)

3.389

H402

 

EC

5.03 (2.96–9.62)

0.503

H401

 

NE

11.29 (1.83–121.71)

1.129

H402

Deltamethrin

T

> 100

> 10

S

 

EC

0.76 (0.56–1.05)

0.076

H400

 

NE

13.14 (6.49–30.74)

1.314

H402

Permethrin

T

14.94 (9.72–23.72)

1.494

H402

 

EC

4.92 (3.31–7.75)

0.492

H401

 

NE

20.55 (12.66–36.25)

2.055

H402

  1. T technical, EC emulsifiable concentrate, NE nanoemulsion, NOEC no observed effect concentration on algal growth rate, H hazard statement. H400 very toxic to aquatic life (hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard, category 1; ≤ 1mg/L); H401 toxic to aquatic life (hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard, category 2; > 1–≤ 10 mg/L); H402 harmful to aquatic life (hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard, category 2; > 10–≤ 100 mg/L). S: Safe use (no hazard statement is suggested) since acute toxicity > 100 mg/L
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