Table 3 Crude odds ratio of the different types of IPV among adult Arab women during lockdown and their personal and social characteristics and the perceived reasons for exposure

 Women’s age (35 years and above vs < 35 years)

1.22

(0.82–1.81)

1.03

(0.69–1.54)

1.27

(0.75–2.15)

1.03

(0.61–1.72)

1.14

(0.67–1.93)

1.1

(0.77–1.56)

 Level of education (higher vs 2ry and below)

0.65

(0.38–1.10)

0.41

(0.24–0.69)*

0.28

(0.15–0.51)*

0.43

(0.23–0.79)*

0.62

(0.32–1.20)

0.55

(0.33–0.91)*

 Region of residence (Asia vs Africa)

0.56

(0.38–0.84)*

0.45

(0.29–0.68)*

0.23

(0.12–0.42)*

0.82

(0.49–1.37)

0.91

(0.54–1.54)

0.51

(0.35–0.73)*

 Nature of lockdown (total vs partial)

0.92

(0.48–1.74)

0.51

(0.24–1.07)

0.64

(0.24–1.67)

0.47

(0.17–1.35)

1.18

(0.53–2.62)

0.86

(0.49–1.51)

 Work status (housewife vs employed)

1.69

(1.12–2.58)*

1.74

(1.14–2.66)*

1.51

(0.87–2.62)

1.22

(0.71–2.13)

1.44

(0.83–2.50)

1.31

(0.89–1.94)

 Family income (not enough vs others)

3.62

(2.07–6.32)*

3.42

(1.96–5.98)*

3.67

(1.95–6.92)*

1.78

(0.89–3.57)

3.39

(1.78–6.43)*

3.19

(1.76–5.79)*

 Husband lost his job (yes vs no)

1.99

(1.23–3.25)*

2.79

(1.71–4.51)*

2.66

(1.49–4.78)*

1.44

(0.77–2.69)

1.89

(1.02–3.48)*

2.69

(1.65–4.37)*

 Family income affected by lockdown (yes vs no)

1.69

(1.13–2.53)*

1.69

(1.13–2.53)*

1.79

(1.06–3.04)*

0.88

(0.51–1.49)

1.39

(0.82–2.36)

1.59

(1.11–2.28)*

 Duration husband stays at home (all day vs night only)

1.06

(0.71–1.58)

0.93

(0.62–1.39)

1.53

(0.89–2.65)

1.39

(0.82–2.38)

0.66

(0.39–1.12)

1.08

(0.75–1.54)

 Bad temperament

19.65

(10.57–36.52)*

5.62

(3.35–9.41)*

10.36

(5.77–18.60)*

4.86

(2.74–8.64)*

5.29

(2.96–9.48)*

29.17

(10.45–81.38)*

 Management decisions concerning family

8.41

(4.55–15.54)*

2.75

(1.56–4.86)*

1.76

(0.86–3.61)

1.27

(0.59–2.72)

3.68

(1.93–7.02)*

14.53

(5.69–37.13)*

 Financial reasons

7.31

(3.81–14.05)*

6.05

(3.21–11.43)*

4.77

(2.45–9.31)*

2.81

(1.39–5.67)*

9.66

(5.00–18.64)*

20.27

(6.19–66.26)*

 Bad circumstances at the husband's work

3.18

(1.61–6.26)*

2.88

(1.46–5.69)*

2.33

(1.04–5.19)*

4.09

(1.96–8.51)*

1.65

(0.69–3.94)

8.24

(3.15–21.54)*

 Family members or friends involvement

3.29

(1.08–9.96)*

4.66

(1.49–14.50)*

3.09

(0.92–10.34)

1.97

(0.53–7.36)

2.09

(0.56–7.79)

6.48

(1.42–29.55)*

 Arguments about wife’s job

5.64

(1.39–22.87)*

2.25

(0.59–8.53)

1.93

(0.39–9.51)

1.86

(0.38–9.16)

5.72

(1.49–21.91)*

9.33

(1.16–75.20)*