Table 2 Socio-demographic characteristics of children exposed to different types of violent discipline during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sohag governorate, Egypt, 2020
From: Impact of COVID-19 pandemic and related isolation measures on violence against children in Egypt
Parameters | Index children N = 1118. (%) | Violent discipline N = 1012 (%) | OR | p | Severe physical discipline N = 483 (%) | OR | p | Psychological discipline N = 992 (%) | OR | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Child gender | OR = 1.35 p = 0.162 | OR = 0.527 p < 0.001 | OR = 1.79 p = 0.005 | |||||||
Male | 678 (60.6) | 607 (59.9) | 0.739 | 0.16 | 334 (69.1) | 1.90 | 0.00 | 587 (59.1) | 0.55 | 0.005 |
Female ® | 440 (39.4) | 405 (40.1) | 149 (31.9) | 405 (40.9) | ||||||
Child age (years) | OR = 1.28 p < 0.001 | OR = 0.80 p < 0.001 | OR = 1.23 p = 0.007 | |||||||
<2 | 149 (13.3) | 110 (10.8) | 0.452 | 0.013 | 65 (13.4) | 1.799 | 0.022 | 105 (10.5) | 0.38 | 0.002 |
2–<5 | 286 (25.6) | 271 (26.7) | 2.89 | 0.004 | 148 (30.6) | 2.493 | 0.000 | 271 (27.3) | 2.89 | 0.004 |
5–<8 | 236 (21.1) | 223 (22) | 2.75 | 0.009 | 127 (26.2) | 2.708 | 0.000 | 218 (21.9) | 1.94 | 0.064 |
8–<12 | 324 (29) | 302 (29.8) | 2.20 | 0.021 | 106 (21.9) | 1.130 | 0.594 | 292 (29.4) | 1.46 | 0.235 |
≥ 12 | 123 (11) | 106 (10.4) | 37 (7.6) | 106 (86.2) | ||||||
Child birth order | OR = 0.911 p = 0.561 | OR = 0.66 p = 0.000 | OR = 1.05 p = 0.758 | |||||||
1 ® | 891 (79.7) | 812 (80.2) | 403 (83.4) | 792 (79.8) | ||||||
2–3 | 158 (14.1) | 136 (13.4) | 0.601 | 0.04 | 63 (13) | 0.810 | 0.232 | 136 (13.7) | 0.77 | 0.309 |
4–5 | 50 (4.5) | 45 (4.4) | 0.876 | 0.78 | 14 (2.8) | 0.475 | 0.021 | 45 (4.5) | 1.12 | 0.807 |
>5 | 14 (1.3) | 14 (1.3) | 157 × 106 | 0.99 | 3 (0.6) | 0.000 | 0.998 | 14 (1.4) | 201 × 106 | 0.999 |
Child education level | OR = 1.66 p < 0.001 | OR = 0.52 p = 0.001 | OR = 1.60 p < 0.001 | |||||||
No ® | 218 (19.5) | 170 (16.7) | 86 (17.8) | 165 (16.6) | ||||||
Kindergarten | 345 (30.9) | 321 (31.7) | 3.8 | 0.00 | 198 (11.8) | 2.06 | 0.00 | 316 (31.8) | 3.50 | 0.000 |
Primary school | 435 (38.9) | 418 (41.3) | 6.9 | 0.00 | 161 (33.3) | 0.90 | 0.55 | 408 (41.1) | 4.85 | 0.000 |
Prep. school | 99 (8.9) | 82 (8.1) | 1.3 | 0.00 | 34 (7) | 0.80 | 0.39 | 82 (8.2) | 1.54 | 0.157 |
High school | 21 (1.9) | 21 (2.1) | 456× 106 | 0.99 | 4 (0.8) | 0.36 | 0.08 | 21 (2.1) | 518 × 106 | 0.998 |
Total | 1118 | 1,012 (90.5%) | 483 (43.2%) | 992 (88.7%) |