Perspectives of pharmaceutical stakeholders on determinants of medicines accessibility at the primary care level

Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association

Table 2 Factors associated with patients’ financial accessibility to the essential drug list among rural and urban groups attending PHC units, Giza Governorate, Egypt, 2019

Financial accessibility	Residence		P value*
Financial accessibility	Rural unit (N = 138) (%)	Urban unit (N = 138) (%)	P value*
Willingness to pay for the medicine
Yes	100 (72.4)	112 (81.1)	0.133
No	38 (27.6)	26 (18.9)	0.133
Ability to pay for the medicine
Yes	98 (71.1)	87 (63.1)	0.303
No	40 (28.9)	51 (36.9)	0.303
Coping mechanisms
Borrowing to buy the medicine
Yes	21 (15.3)	21 (15.3)	1
No	117 (84.7)	117 (84.7)	1
Selling assets to buy the medicine
Yes	7 (5.1)	4 (2.9)	0.721
No	131 (94.9)	134 (97.1)	0.721
Out of pocket expenses (Egyptian pounds L.E.)
	Median (IQR)	Median (IQR)	P value**
Expenses on medicine in the current visit	15.75 (5‑73)	23.5 (2‑103)	˂ 0.001
Expenses on medicine/month	200 (20‑500)	100 (8‑550)	0.056
The estimated income per family member	222.2 (75‑1000)	333.3 (83.3‑2250)	˂ 0.001