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Table 2 KPIs for total, urban, and rural households over 6 years in Iran

From: Trend and status of out-of-pocket payments for healthcare in Iran: equity and catastrophic effect

Survey year

KPIs for total households

KPIs for urban

KPIs for rural

1991

− 0.680

− 0.560

− 0.741

1996

− 0.608

− 0.600

− 0.544

2001

− 0.554

− 0.586

− 0.442

2006

− 0.265

− 0.199

− 0.319

2011

− 0.225

− 0.219

− 0.209

2017

− 0.207

− 0.189

− 0.165

Trend coefficients (p value)

0.1086 (0.003)

0.967 (0.025)

0.1144 (0.001)

  1. KPIs Kakwani progressivity index