From: Pneumonia among under-five children in Alexandria, Egypt: a case-control study
Sociodemographic and environmental factors | Control (n = 330) N (%) | Cases (n = 330) N (%) | P | Crude OR | 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Place of residence | |||||
Rural Urban | 48 (14.5%) 282 (85.5%) | 64 (19.4%) 266 (80.6%) | 0.098 | 1.414 1 | 0.938–2.130 |
Maternal age (years) | |||||
≤ 19 20–29 ≥ 30 | 4 (1.2%) 189 (57.3%) 137 (41.5%) | 13 (3.9%) 182 (55.2%) 135 (40.9%) | 0.041* 0.885 | 3.298 0.977 1 | 1.049–10.37 0.715–1.336 |
Maternal education (years of schooling) | |||||
≤ 8 years > 8 years | 155 (47.0%) 175 (53.0%) | 188 (57.0%) 142 (43.0%) | 0.010* | 1.495 1 | 1.100–2.032 |
Maternal occupation | |||||
Working Housewife | 17 (5.2%) 313 (94.8%) | 30 (9.1%) 300 (90.9%) | 0.052 | 1.841 1 | 0.995–3.408 |
Household crowding index | |||||
> 2 0–2 | 11 (3.3%) 319 (96.7%) | 28 (8.5%) 302 (91.5%) | 0.007* | 2.689 1 | 1.315–5.496 |
Home aeration (subjective) | |||||
Poor Good | 17 (5.2%) 313 (94.8%) | 62 (18.8%) 268 (81.2%) | < 0.001* | 4.259 1 | 2.431–7.463 |
Household cigarette smoke exposure | |||||
Yes No | 166 (50.3%) 164 (49.7%) | 198 (60.0%) 132 (40.0%) | 0.012* | 1.482 1 | 1.089–2.017 |
Outdoor air pollution (Factory near residence) | |||||
Yes No | 26 (7.9%) 304 (92.1%) | 69 (20.9%) 261 (79.1%) | < 0.001* | 3.091 1 | 1.912–4.997 |