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Table 2 Sociodemographic and environmental factors associated with the risk of pneumonia among under-five children

From: Pneumonia among under-five children in Alexandria, Egypt: a case-control study

Sociodemographic and environmental factors

Control (n = 330)

N (%)

Cases (n = 330)

N (%)

P

Crude OR

95% CI

Place of residence

 Rural

 Urban

48 (14.5%)

282 (85.5%)

64 (19.4%)

266 (80.6%)

0.098

1.414

1

0.938–2.130

Maternal age (years)

 ≤ 19

 20–29

 ≥ 30

4 (1.2%)

189 (57.3%)

137 (41.5%)

13 (3.9%)

182 (55.2%)

135 (40.9%)

0.041*

0.885

3.298

0.977

1

1.049–10.37

0.715–1.336

Maternal education (years of schooling)

 ≤ 8 years

 > 8 years

155 (47.0%)

175 (53.0%)

188 (57.0%)

142 (43.0%)

0.010*

1.495

1

1.100–2.032

Maternal occupation

 Working

 Housewife

17 (5.2%)

313 (94.8%)

30 (9.1%)

300 (90.9%)

0.052

1.841

1

0.995–3.408

Household crowding index

 > 2

 0–2

11 (3.3%)

319 (96.7%)

28 (8.5%)

302 (91.5%)

0.007*

2.689

1

1.315–5.496

Home aeration (subjective)

 Poor

 Good

17 (5.2%)

313 (94.8%)

62 (18.8%)

268 (81.2%)

< 0.001*

4.259

1

2.431–7.463

Household cigarette smoke exposure

 Yes

 No

166 (50.3%)

164 (49.7%)

198 (60.0%)

132 (40.0%)

0.012*

1.482

1

1.089–2.017

Outdoor air pollution (Factory near residence)

 Yes

 No

26 (7.9%)

304 (92.1%)

69 (20.9%)

261 (79.1%)

< 0.001*

3.091

1

1.912–4.997

  1. OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval
  2. *Statistically significant at P ≤ 0.05