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Table 1 Child-related factors associated with the risk of pneumonia among under-five children

From: Pneumonia among under-five children in Alexandria, Egypt: a case-control study

Child-related factors

Control (n = 330)

N (%)

Cases (n = 330)

N (%)

P

Crude OR

95% CI

Age

 1–12 months

 Older than 12 months

104 (31.5%)

226 (68.5%)

168 (50.9%)

162 (49.1%)

< 0.001*

2.254

1

1.641–3.094

Sex

 Boys

 Girls

170 (51.5%)

160 (48.5%)

216 (65.5%)

114 (34.5%)

< 0.001*

1.783

1

1.304–2.439

Weight for age

 Normal

 Under-weight

 Overweight

259 (78.5%)

52 (15.8%)

19 (5.7%)

267 (80.9%)

50 (15.2%)

13 (3.9%)

0.268

0.408

1.507

1.405

1

0.729–3.114

0.628–3.144

Birth order

 1

 2–3

 4 +

105 (31.8%)

196 (59.4%)

29 (8.8%)

76 (23.0%)

187 (56.7%)

67 (20.3%)

0.129

< 0.001*

1

1.318

3.192

0.932–1.883

1.886–5.403

Birthweight (grams)

 < 2500

 ≥ 2500

56 (17.0%)

274 (83.0%)

117 (35.5%)

213 (64.5%)

<0.001*

2.688

1

1.865–3.873

Prematurity

 Yes

 No

25 (7.6%)

305 (92.4%)

56 (17.0%)

274 (83.0%)

< 0.001*

2.493

1

1.514–4.106

Place of delivery

 Home

 Public hospital

 Private hospital/clinic

2 (0.6%)

183 (55.5%)

145 (43.9%)

10 (3%)

216 (65.5%)

104 (31.5%)

0.013*

0.002*

6.971

1.646

1

1.496–32.483

1.195–2.266

Mode of birth

 Caesarian

 Normal

213 (64.5%)

117 (35.5%)

210 (63.6%)

120 (36.4%)

0.808

1.040

1

0.757–1.430

Breastfeeding practice

 No

 Non-exclusive breastfeeding

 Exclusive breastfeeding

51 (15.4%)

158 (47.9%)

121 (36.7%)

66 (20.0%)

188 (57.0%)

76 (23.0%)

0.002*

< 0.001*

2.060

1.408

1

1.295–3.279

1.152–1.722

Vaccination status

 Partially immunized

 Fully immunized

20 (6.1%)

310 (93.9%)

38 (11.5%)

292 (88.5%)

0.015*

2.017

1

1.147–3.547

Concomitant illness

 Yes

 No

23 (7.0%)

307 (93.0%)

43 (13.0%)

287 (87.0%)

0.011*

2.000

1

1.176–3.402

  1. OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval
  2. *Statistically significant at P ≤ 0.05