From: Pneumonia among under-five children in Alexandria, Egypt: a case-control study
Child-related factors | Control (n = 330) N (%) | Cases (n = 330) N (%) | P | Crude OR | 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | |||||
1–12 months Older than 12 months | 104 (31.5%) 226 (68.5%) | 168 (50.9%) 162 (49.1%) | < 0.001* | 2.254 1 | 1.641–3.094 |
Sex | |||||
Boys Girls | 170 (51.5%) 160 (48.5%) | 216 (65.5%) 114 (34.5%) | < 0.001* | 1.783 1 | 1.304–2.439 |
Weight for age | |||||
Normal Under-weight Overweight | 259 (78.5%) 52 (15.8%) 19 (5.7%) | 267 (80.9%) 50 (15.2%) 13 (3.9%) | 0.268 0.408 | 1.507 1.405 1 | 0.729–3.114 0.628–3.144 |
Birth order | |||||
1 2–3 4 + | 105 (31.8%) 196 (59.4%) 29 (8.8%) | 76 (23.0%) 187 (56.7%) 67 (20.3%) | 0.129 < 0.001* | 1 1.318 3.192 | 0.932–1.883 1.886–5.403 |
Birthweight (grams) | |||||
< 2500 ≥ 2500 | 56 (17.0%) 274 (83.0%) | 117 (35.5%) 213 (64.5%) | <0.001* | 2.688 1 | 1.865–3.873 |
Prematurity | |||||
Yes No | 25 (7.6%) 305 (92.4%) | 56 (17.0%) 274 (83.0%) | < 0.001* | 2.493 1 | 1.514–4.106 |
Place of delivery | |||||
Home Public hospital Private hospital/clinic | 2 (0.6%) 183 (55.5%) 145 (43.9%) | 10 (3%) 216 (65.5%) 104 (31.5%) | 0.013* 0.002* | 6.971 1.646 1 | 1.496–32.483 1.195–2.266 |
Mode of birth | |||||
Caesarian Normal | 213 (64.5%) 117 (35.5%) | 210 (63.6%) 120 (36.4%) | 0.808 | 1.040 1 | 0.757–1.430 |
Breastfeeding practice | |||||
No Non-exclusive breastfeeding Exclusive breastfeeding | 51 (15.4%) 158 (47.9%) 121 (36.7%) | 66 (20.0%) 188 (57.0%) 76 (23.0%) | 0.002* < 0.001* | 2.060 1.408 1 | 1.295–3.279 1.152–1.722 |
Vaccination status | |||||
Partially immunized Fully immunized | 20 (6.1%) 310 (93.9%) | 38 (11.5%) 292 (88.5%) | 0.015* | 2.017 1 | 1.147–3.547 |
Concomitant illness | |||||
Yes No | 23 (7.0%) 307 (93.0%) | 43 (13.0%) 287 (87.0%) | 0.011* | 2.000 1 | 1.176–3.402 |