From: Multimodal intervention program to improve hand hygiene compliance: effectiveness and challenges
 | Pre-intervention | Post-intervention | p value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Subgroups | Compliance n (%) | CI95% | Compliance n (%) | CI95% | |
Overall | 385 (32.1) | 29.5 – 34.8 | 416 (39.4) | 36.4–42.3 | < 10−3 |
Professional category | |||||
 Nurses | 269 (34.1) | 30.8–37.5 | 355 (45.7) | 42.2–49.3 | < 10−3 |
 Physicians | 99 (30.4) | 25.7–36.0 | 52 (23.1) | 17.8–29.2 | 0.06 |
 Housekeeping staff | 17 (19.8) | 12.3–29.1 | 9 (16.1) | 8.1–27.4 | 0.57 |
Medical speciality | |||||
 Intensive Care | 197 (41.4) | 36.2–45.1 | 129 (48.9) | 42.7–55.0 | 0.029 |
 Surgery | 63 (20.9) | 16.8–26.3 | 158 (34.6) | 30.2–39.1 | < 10−3 |
 Medicine | 107 (29.3) | 24.7–34.3 | 110 (36.2) | 30.7–41.7 | 0.05 |
 Emergency | 18 (36.0) | 23.2–50.8 | 19 (59.4) | 40.7–75.7 | 0.038 |
Department | |||||
 Nephrology | 22 (31.4) | 21.1–43.7 | 5 (9.6) | 3.5–21.7 | 0.004 |
 Physical Medicine | 15 (16.5) | 9.8–26.0 | 10 (18.2) | 9.5–31.3 | 0.79 |
 Urology | 10 (24.4) | 12.9–40.6 | 22 (24.4) | 16.2–34.8 | 0.99 |
 Neurology | 17 (37.0) | 23.5–52.4 | 10 (31.3) | 15.7–50.1 | 0.60 |
 General Surgery | 13 (24.1) | 13.9–37.9 | 21 (33.3) | 22.2–46.4 | 0.27 |
 Cardiology | 30 (35.3) | 25.4–46.4 | 33 (35.1) | 25.7–45.7 | 0.98 |
 Orthopedics | 4 (7.0) | 2.2–17.8 | 48 (37.8) | 29.4–46.8 | < 10−3 |
 Surgical Intensive Care | 56 (35.7) | 28.3–43.7 | 31 (37) | 26.8–48.1 | 0.85 |
 Gastrology | 24 (29.6) | 20.2–40.9 | 13 (40.6) | 24.2–59.2 | 0.26 |
 Neurosurgery | 11 (26.8) | 14.7–43.2 | 24 (45.3) | 31.8–59.4 | 0.06 |
 Maxillofacial Surgery | 2 (4.3) | 0.7–15.7 | 28 (46.7) | 33.8–59.9 | < 10−3 |
 Internal Medicine | 25 (36.8) | 25.6–49.3 | 17 (51.5) | 33.8–68.8 | 0.15 |
 Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery | 28 (41.2) | 29.5–53.7 | 34 (53.1) | 40.3–65.5 | 0.17 |
 Medical Intensive Care | 36 (38.7) | 28.9–49.4 | 15 (50.0) | 31.6–68.3 | 0.27 |
 Pediatrics | 58 (47.2) | 38.1–56.3 | 78 (63.0) | 53.7–71.2 | 0.013 |
 Dental Medicine | 16 (55.2) | 35.9–72.3 | 8 (25.0) | 12.1–43.7 | 0.016 |