Skip to main content

Table 2 Prevalence and concentration index of stunting, underweight, wasting, overweight, anemia, under-5 mortality by household wealth quintile, and mother’s education; DHS, 2008–2017

From: Socioeconomic inequalities in hidden hunger, undernutrition, and overweight among under-five children in 35 sub-Saharan Africa countries

Variable

Stunting

Underweight

Wasting

Overweight

Anemia

Under-5 survival

Urban

Rural

Total

Urban

Rural

Total

Urban

Rural

Total

Urban

Rural

Total

Urban

Rural

Total

Urban

Rural

Total

Household wealth quintile

 Poorest (%)

9.4

36.9

30.7

10.5

39.8

33.4

8.4

38.5

30.4

6.0

33.1

25.2

7.0

36.2

28.4

6.3

33.6

25.4

 Poorer (%)

11.0

28.6

24.6

11.1

28.4

24.6

8.5

27.6

22.4

8.4

27.6

22.0

9.1

27.8

22.8

8.4

27.6

21.9

 Middle (%)

19.0

20.3

20.0

19.0

18.8

18.9

17.7

19.5

19.1

15.5

21.5

19.7

17.4

20.5

19.7

15.8

21.3

19.7

 Richer (%)

28.7

11.8

15.6

28.3

11.0

14.7

28.5

12.0

16.4

26.6

13.9

17.6

28.6

12.3

16.7

27.1

13.7

17.7

 Richest (%)

31.9

2.4

9.1

31.1

2.1

8.4

36.9

2.4

11.6

43.5

3.9

15.5

37.9

3.1

12.4

42.4

3.8

15.4

 Overall (%)

26.1

38.3

34.6

13.5

21.2

18.9

8.1

9.6

9.1

47.8

48.9

48.5

60.5

66.6

64.9

94.3

93.1

93.5

 Concentration Index value

− 0.1194

− 0.0472

− 0.1032

− 0.1304

− 0.0816

− 0.1369

− 0.0493

− 0.0581

− 0.0711

0.0144

0.0093

0.0060

− 0.0486

− 0.0264

− 0.0402

0.0031

0.0024

0.0041

 SE

0.0036

0.0018

0.0017

0.0055

0.0028

0.0025

0.0074

0.0045

0.0039

0.0017

0.0011

0.0009

0.0024

0.0013

0.0012

0.0004

0.0003

0.0002

P valueα

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

Urban-rural comparison

z-stat

17.79

 

7.90

 

− 1.02

 

− 2.53

 

8.19

 

− 1.57

 

 Difference in concentration index values

0.0721

 

0.0489

 

− 0.0088

 

− 0.0051

 

0.0222

 

− 0.0008

 

P valueβ

< 0.001

 

< 0.001

 

0.309

 

0.012

 

< 0.001

 

0.116

 

Mother’s educational level

 None (%)

29.9

52.2

47.1

37.3

62.2

56.8

36.4

64.9

57.3

26.3

48.3

41.9

29.5

53.9

47.4

24.9

47.8

40.9

 Primary (%)

35.5

36.9

36.6

31.8

29.0

29.6

27.5

24.7

25.4

28.7

37.0

34.6

31.4

33.7

33.1

30.1

37.1

35.0

 Secondary (%)

31.3

10.5

15.3

28.0

8.5

12.7

31.3

9.9

15.6

38.8

14.1

21.3

35.3

12.1

18.3

38.2

14.3

21.5

 Higher (%)

3.3

0.3

1.0

2.9

0.3

0.8

4.8

0.5

1.7

6.1

0.7

2.2

3.8

0.4

1.3

6.8

0.9

2.6

 Overall (%)

26.1

38.3

34.6

13.5

21.2

18.9

8.1

9.6

9.1

47.8

48.9

48.6

60.5

66.6

64.9

94.3

93.1

93.5

 Concentration Index value

− 0.1184

− 0.0624

− 0.0990

− 0.1840

− 0.1539

− 0.1855

− 0.1348

− 0.1680

− 0.1657

− 0.0049

− 0.0011

− 0.0046

− 0.0549

− 0.0507

− 0.056

0.0056

0.0057

0.0064

 SE

0.0036

0.0017

0.0016

0.0055

0.0026

0.0024

0.0074

0.0042

0.0037

0.0017

0.0010

0.0009

0.0023

0.0013

0.0011

0.0003

0.0002

0.0002

P valueα

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.004

0.286

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

Urban-rural comparison

                  

z-stat

13.97

 

4.94

 

− 3.91

 

1.92

 

1.60

 

0.20

 

 Difference in concentration index values

0.0560

 

0.0301

 

0.0332

 

0.0038

 

0.0043

 

0.0001

 

P valueβ

< 0.001

 

< 0.001

 

< 0.001

 

0.055

 

0.110

 

0.842

 
  1. SE standard error; P valueα and P valueβ were obtained using Concentration Index for overall inequalities across socioeconomic groups and measuring rural vs. urban differences, respectively