PSC dimensions | Gender | Direct contact with patients | Position | Length of work | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male | Female | Yes | No | Nurse | Technician | Pharmacist | ≤ 10 years | > 10 years | |
Teamwork within hospital units | 60.48 ± 12.42 | 65.59 ± 12.43 | 63.18 (11.55) | 62.81 (15.00) | 62.5 ± 11.4 | 65.1 ± 15.6 | 62.3 ± 12.6 | 62.8 ± 12.1 | 63.4 ± 13.4 |
Staffing | 57.9 ± 6.4 | 57.3 ± 8.9 | 57.13 (6.4) | 58.7 (8.3) | 56.8 ± 6.4 | 58.9 ± 6.2 | 59.3 ± 10.4 | 58.4 ± 7.4 | 56.6 ± 6.4 |
Supervisor/manager expectations and actions promoting safety | 63.54 ± 9.3 | 56.16 ± 8.9 | 59.57 (9.4) | 60.38 (10.79) | 59.9 ± 9.3 | 57.7 ± 10.3 | 62.7 ± 10.9 | 61.5 ± 9.6 | 57.6 ± 9.7 |
Organizational learning—continuous improvement | 67.48 ± 17.51 | 63.28 ± 13.13 | 63.24 ± 14.35 | 70.3 ± 17.2 | 63.8 ± 14.8 | 67.4 ± 17.4 | 69.5 ± 15.2 | 63.5 ± 14.2 | 67.7 ± 16.9 |
Management support for patient safety | 56.09 ± 12.16 | 62.89 ± 18.83 | 58.45 ± 15.49 | 62.04 ± 17.63 | 59.2 ± 15.6 | 57.9 ± 16.6 | 64.4 ± 17.8 | 58.3 ± 13.3 | 61.1 ± 19.3 |
Overall perceptions of patient safety | 47.47 ± 11.13 | 49.19 ± 9.2 | 49.28 ± 9.45 | 46.17 ± 11.59 | 50.2 ± 9.2 | 45.5 ± 10.8 | 44.3 ± 11.9 | 49.7 ± 9.9 | 46.6 ± 10.5 |
Feedback and communication about error | 21.38 ± 4.7 | 19.24 ± 5.1 | 19.99 ± 4.68 | 21.01 ± 5.64 | 20.2 ± 4.7 | 20.2 ± 5.5 | 21.1 ± 5.7 | 20.8 ± 4.6 | 19.6 ± 5.5 |
Communication openness | 17.5 ± 4.2 | 18.4 ± 4.5 | 18.43 ± 4.27 | 16.89 ± 4.51 | 18.4 ± 4.3 | 17.7 ± 4.3 | 16.3 ± 4.9 | 17.9 ± 4.3 | 17.9 ± 4.6 |
Teamwork across units | 46.9 ± 9.9 | 46.18 ± 11.1 | 48.01 ± 10.51 | 43.08 ± 9.78 | 48.0 ± 10.4 | 45.3 ± 11.0 | 41.2 ± 7.8 | 47.2 ± 10.1 | 45.7 ± 11.1 |
Handoffs and transitions | 53.6 ± 14.7 | 56.6 ± 18.5 | 56.52 ± 15.1 | 51.80 ± 19.8 | 57.0 ± 15.1 | 52.9 ± 17.9 | 49.3 ± 20.9 | 52.3 ± 14.5 | 58.8 ± 18.7 |
Nonpunitive response to rrrors | 33.6 ± 10.5 | 36.01 ± 6.9 | 34.86 ± 8.4 | 34.63 ± 10.19 | 34.9 ± 8.5 | 35.0 ± 8.7 | 33.7 ± 11.4 | 34.5 ± 9.4 | 35.2 ± 8.3 |
Number of event | 30.9 ± 11.9 | 29.9 ± 9.4 | 31.64 ± 11.4 | 27.78 ± 8.7 | 32.0 ± 11.5 | 27.6 ± 9.2 | 28.0 ± 7.5 | 32.2 ± 11.4 | 28.4 ± 9.5 |