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Table 3 Mean scores of patient safety culture dimensions according to demographic characteristics

From: Assessment of patient safety culture among paramedical personnel at general and district hospitals, Fayoum Governorate, Egypt

PSC dimensions

Gender

Direct contact with patients

Position

Length of work

Male

Female

Yes

No

Nurse

Technician

Pharmacist

≤ 10 years

> 10 years

Teamwork within hospital units

60.48 ± 12.42

65.59 ± 12.43

63.18 (11.55)

62.81 (15.00)

62.5 ± 11.4

65.1 ± 15.6

62.3 ± 12.6

62.8 ± 12.1

63.4 ± 13.4

Staffing

57.9 ± 6.4

57.3 ± 8.9

57.13 (6.4)

58.7 (8.3)

56.8 ± 6.4

58.9 ± 6.2

59.3 ± 10.4

58.4 ± 7.4

56.6 ± 6.4

Supervisor/manager expectations and actions promoting safety

63.54 ± 9.3

56.16 ± 8.9

59.57 (9.4)

60.38 (10.79)

59.9 ± 9.3

57.7 ± 10.3

62.7 ± 10.9

61.5 ± 9.6

57.6 ± 9.7

Organizational learning—continuous improvement

67.48 ± 17.51

63.28 ± 13.13

63.24 ± 14.35

70.3 ± 17.2

63.8 ± 14.8

67.4 ± 17.4

69.5 ± 15.2

63.5 ± 14.2

67.7 ± 16.9

Management support for patient safety

56.09 ± 12.16

62.89 ± 18.83

58.45 ± 15.49

62.04 ± 17.63

59.2 ± 15.6

57.9 ± 16.6

64.4 ± 17.8

58.3 ± 13.3

61.1 ± 19.3

Overall perceptions of patient safety

47.47 ± 11.13

49.19 ± 9.2

49.28 ± 9.45

46.17 ± 11.59

50.2 ± 9.2

45.5 ± 10.8

44.3 ± 11.9

49.7 ± 9.9

46.6 ± 10.5

Feedback and communication about error

21.38 ± 4.7

19.24 ± 5.1

19.99 ± 4.68

21.01 ± 5.64

20.2 ± 4.7

20.2 ± 5.5

21.1 ± 5.7

20.8 ± 4.6

19.6 ± 5.5

Communication openness

17.5 ± 4.2

18.4 ± 4.5

18.43 ± 4.27

16.89 ± 4.51

18.4 ± 4.3

17.7 ± 4.3

16.3 ± 4.9

17.9 ± 4.3

17.9 ± 4.6

Teamwork across units

46.9 ± 9.9

46.18 ± 11.1

48.01 ± 10.51

43.08 ± 9.78

48.0 ± 10.4

45.3 ± 11.0

41.2 ± 7.8

47.2 ± 10.1

45.7 ± 11.1

Handoffs and transitions

53.6 ± 14.7

56.6 ± 18.5

56.52 ± 15.1

51.80 ± 19.8

57.0 ± 15.1

52.9 ± 17.9

49.3 ± 20.9

52.3 ± 14.5

58.8 ± 18.7

Nonpunitive response to rrrors

33.6 ± 10.5

36.01 ± 6.9

34.86 ± 8.4

34.63 ± 10.19

34.9 ± 8.5

35.0 ± 8.7

33.7 ± 11.4

34.5 ± 9.4

35.2 ± 8.3

Number of event

30.9 ± 11.9

29.9 ± 9.4

31.64 ± 11.4

27.78 ± 8.7

32.0 ± 11.5

27.6 ± 9.2

28.0 ± 7.5

32.2 ± 11.4

28.4 ± 9.5