Table 1 Sociodemographic characteristics associated with bullying behavior among adolescent rural school students, Nikla rural village, Egypt
From: Prevalence and correlates of bullying and victimization among school students in rural Egypt
|  | Uninvolved (n = 106) | Bully (n = 45) | P value* | OR | 95% CI | Victim (n = 50) | P value* | OR | 95% CI | Bully-victim (n = 275) | P value* | OR | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 14.9 ± 1.9 | 14.9 ± 2 | 0.933# | 1.0 | 0.8–1.2 | 14.3 ± 1.6 | 0.060# | 0.8 | 0.7–1.02 | 14.1 ± 1.6 | < 0.001# | 0.8 | 0.8–0.9 |
Sex | |||||||||||||
 Male | 39 (15.0) | 28 (10.8) | 0.004 | 2.8 | 1.4–5.8 | 20 (7.7) | 0.700 | 1.1 | 0.6–2.3 | 173 (66.5) | < 0.001 | 2.9 | 1.8–4.6 |
 Female | 67 (31.0) | 17 (7.9) | Ref | Ref | Ref | 30 (13.9) | Ref | Ref | Ref | 102 (47.2) | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Birth order | |||||||||||||
 First | 37 (20.8) | 19 (10.7) | Ref | Ref | Ref | 15 (8.4) | Ref | Ref | Ref | 107 (60.1) | Ref | Ref | Ref |
 Middle | 37 (21.5) | 13 (7.6) | 0.404 | 0.7 | 0.3–1.6 | 22 (12.8) | 0.421 | 1.5 | 0.7–3.3 | 100 (58.1) | 0.892 | 0.9 | 0.5–1.6 |
 Last | 23 (26.1) | 7 (8.0) | 0.337 | 0.6 | 0.2–1.6 | 8 (9.1) | 0.806 | 0.9 | 0.3–2.3 | 50 (56.8) | 0.422 | 0.8 | 0.4–1.4 |
 Others | 9 (23.7) | 6 (15.8) | 0.763 | 1.3 | 0.4–4.2 | 5 (13.2) | 0.745 | 1.4 | 0.4–4.8 | 18 (47.4) | 0.479 | 0.7 | 0.3–1.7 |
Number of siblings | |||||||||||||
 One or two | 13 (15.7) | 8 (9.6) | 0.370 | 1.5 | 0.6–4.0 | 7 (8.4) | 0.762 | 1.2 | 0.4–3.1 | 55 (66.3) | 0.077 | 1.8 | 0.9–3.4 |
 Three or more | 93 (23.7) | 37 (9.4) | Ref | Ref | Ref | 43 (10.9) | Ref | Ref | Ref | 220 (56.0) | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Father education | |||||||||||||
 Illiterate or R and W | 16 (19.8) | 9 (11.1) | Ref | Ref | Ref | 4 (4.9) | Ref | Ref | Ref | 52 (64.2) | Ref | Ref | Ref |
 Prep or secondary | 43 (22.5) | 20 (10.5) | 0.803 | 0.8 | 0.3–2.2 | 22 (11.5) | 0.281 | 2.0 | 0.6–6.9 | 106 (55.5) | 0.511 | 0.8 | 0.4–1.5 |
 University or higher | 47 (23.0) | 16 (7.8) | 0.432 | 0.6 | 0.2–1.6 | 24 (11.8) | 0.284 | 2.0 | 0.6–6.8 | 117 (57.4) | 0.517 | 0.8 | 0.4–1.5 |
Mother education | |||||||||||||
 Illiterate or R and W | 37 (21.0) | 23 (13.1) | Ref | Ref | Ref | 20 (11.4) | Ref | Ref | Ref | 96 (54.5) | Ref | Ref | Ref |
 Prep or secondary | 46 (20.2) | 20 (8.8) | 0.355 | 0.7 | 0.3–1.5 | 25 (11.0) | 1.000 | 1.0 | 0.5–2.1 | 137 (60.1) | 0.607 | 1.1 | 0.7–1.9 |
 University or higher | 23 (31.9) | 2 (2.8) | 0.004 | 0.1 | 0.03–0.6 | 5 (6.9) | 0.131 | 0.4 | 0.1–1.2 | 42 (58.3) | 0.324 | 0.7 | 0.4–1.3 |
Grade | |||||||||||||
 Preparatory | 45 (17.3) | 19 (7.3) | 0.979 | 1.0 | 0.5–2.0 | 29 (11.2) | 0.070 | 1.9 | 0.9–3.7 | 167 (64.2) | 0.001 | 2.1 | 1.3–3.3 |
 Secondary | 61 (28.2) | 26 (12.0) | Ref | Ref | Ref | 21 (9.7) | Ref | Ref | Ref | 108 (50.0) | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Father’s working status | |||||||||||||
 Working | 102 (21.9) | 45 (9.7) | 0.187 | NA | NA | 49 (10.5) | 0.557 | 1.9 | 0.2–17.7 | 269 (57.8) | 0.474 | 1.6 | 0.5–6.4 |
 Not working | 4 (36.4) | 0 (0) | Ref | Ref | Ref | 1 (9.1) | Ref | Ref | Ref | 6 (54.5) | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Mother’s working status | |||||||||||||
 Working | 6 (16.7) | 2 (5.6) | 0.760 | 0.8 | 0.2–4.0 | 4 (11.1) | 0.727 | 1.4 | 0.4–5.4 | 24 (66.7) | 0.319 | 1.6 | 0.6–4.0 |
 House wife | 100 (22.7) | 43 (9.8) | Ref | Ref | Ref | 46 (10.5) | Ref | Ref | Ref | 251 (57.0) | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Living with | |||||||||||||
 Both parents | 96 (22.6) | 43 (10.1) | 0.511 | 2.2 | 0.5–10.7 | 47 (11.1) | 0.552 | 1.6 | 0.4–6.2 | 239 (56.2) | 0.326 | 0.7 | 0.3–1.4 |
 Single parent | 10 (19.6) | 2 (3.9) | Ref | Ref | Ref | 3 (5.9) | Ref | Ref | Ref | 36 (70.6) | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Crowding index | |||||||||||||
 ≥ 3 | 35 (26.3) | 14 (10.5) | 0.819 | 0.9 | 0.4–1.9 | 14 (10.5) | 0.583 | 0.8 | 0.4–1.7 | 70 (52.6) | 0.139 | 0.7 | 0.4–1.1 |
 < 3 | 71 (20.7) | 31 (9.0) | Ref | Ref | Ref | 36 (10.5) | Ref | Ref | Ref | 205 (59.8) | Ref | Ref | Ref |