Table 1 Association of H. pylori infection among symptomatic Egyptian children with sociodemographic, personal, and clinical data
Stool antigen for H. pylori | Total | p value# | OR | 95% CI | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
+VE (n = 407) | −VE (n = 223) | |||||
Age groups | ||||||
< 3 years | 56 (13.8%) | 33 (14.8%) | 89 | Ref | Ref | Ref |
3–6 years | 102 (25.1%) | 72 (32.3%) | 174 | 0.500 | 0.835 | 0.494–1.412 |
7–10 years | 115 (28.3%) | 43 (19.3%) | 158 | 0.107 | 1.576 | 0.905–2.745 |
> 10 years | 134 (32.9%) | 75 (33.6%) | 209 | 0.845 | 1.053 | 0.629–1.762 |
Sex | ||||||
Male | 205 (50.4%) | 120 (53.8%) | 325 | 0.408 | 0.871 | 0.628–1.208 |
Female | 202 (49.6%) | 103 (46.2%) | 305 | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Region | ||||||
Upper Egypt | 186 (45.7%) | 79 (35.4%) | 265 | 0.013 | 1.534 | 1.096–2.148 |
Lower Egypt | 221 (54.3%) | 144 (64.6%) | 365 | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Residence | ||||||
Urban | 161 (39.6%) | 115 (51.6%) | 276 | 0.004 | 0.615 | 0.442–0.854 |
Rural | 246 (60.4%) | 108 (48.4%) | 354 | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Mother education | ||||||
Educated | 157 (38.6%) | 108 (48.4%) | 265 | 0.017 | 0.669 | 0.481–0.930 |
Not educated | 250 (61.4%) | 115 (51.6%) | 365 | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Crowding index | ||||||
≥ 3 | 270 (66.3%) | 125 (56.1%) | 395 | 0.011 | 1.545 | 1.105–2.160 |
< 3 | 137 (33.7%) | 98 (43.9%) | 235 | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Pure water supply | 283 (69.5%) | 178 (79.8%) | 461 | 0.005 | 0.577 | 0.391–0.852 |
Eating from street vendors | 246 (60.4%) | 99 (44.4%) | 345 | < 0.001 | 1.914 | 1.375–2.663 |
Symptoms and signs | ||||||
Abdominal pain | 310 (76.2%) | 142 (63.7%) | 452 | 0.001 | 1.823 | 1.277–2.602 |
Vomiting | 24 (5.9%) | 0 (0%) | 24 | < 0.001 | NA | NA |
Hematemesis | 378 (92.9%) | 177 (79.4%) | 555 | < 0.001 | 3.387 | 2.059–5.573 |
Melena | 182 (44.7%) | 99 (44.4%) | 281 | 0.938 | 1.013 | 0.729–1.407 |
Pallor | 39 (9.6%) | 7 (3.1%) | 46 | 0.003 | 3.270 | 1.438–7.439 |