Table 1 Characteristics of the study CKD patients, Alexandria Main University Hospital, Egypt, 2016
Characteristics | Total (n = 350) No. (%) | NSAID users (n = 230) No. (%) | NSAID non-users (n = 120) No. (%) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
I. Personal characteristics | ||||
Age (years) Mean ± SD | 55 ± 13 | 54 ± 13 | 57 ± 13 | 0.06 |
Gender | ||||
Male | 180 (51.4) | 105 (45.7) | 75 (62.5) | 0.003* |
Female | 170 (48.6) | 125 (54.3) | 45 (37.5) | |
Marital status | ||||
Unmarried | 17 (4.9) | 12 (5.2) | 5(4.2) | |
Married | 261 (74.5) | 169 (73.5) | 92(76.7) | 0.64 |
Else | 72(20.6) | 49(21.3) | 23(19.1) | |
Education | ||||
Illiterate | 223(63.7) | 136 (59.2) | 87 (72.5) | |
School education | 116 (33.1) | 86 (37.3) | 30 (25.0) | 0.13 |
University | 11 (3.2) | 8 (3.5) | 3 (2.5) | |
Occupation | ||||
Not working | 206 (58.8) | 145 (63) | 61 (50.8) | |
Clerk | 29 (8.3) | 23 (10) | 6 (5) | 0.003* |
Worker | 42 (12) | 27 (11.7) | 15 (12.5) | |
Retired | 73 (20.9) | 35 (15.3) | 38 (31.7) | |
Smoking status | ||||
Never smoker | 207 (59.2) | 146 (63.5) | 61 (50.8) | 0.02* |
Current smoker | 67 (19.1) | 44 (19.1) | 23(19.2) | |
Former smoker | 76 (21.7) | 40 (17.4) | 36 (30) | |
Weight categories | ||||
Normal | 54 (15.4) | 34 (14.8) | 20 (16.7) | 0.85 |
Overweight | 149 (42.6) | 100 (43.5) | 49 (40.8) | |
Obese | 147 (42) | 96 (41.7) | 51 (42.5) | |
II. Comorbid diseases | ||||
Hypertension | ||||
Yes | 200 (57.1) | 146 (63.5) | 54 (45) | 0.001* |
No | 150 (42.9) | 84 (36.5) | 66 (55) | |
Diabetes | ||||
Yes | 161 (46) | 105 (45.7) | 56 (46.7) | 0.86 |
No | 189 (54) | 125 (54.3) | 64 (53.3) | |
Osteoarthritis | ||||
Yes | 98 (28) | 82 (35.7) | 16 (13.3) | < 0.001* |
No | 252 (72) | 148 (64.3) | 104 (86.7) | |
Autoimmune disease (RA and SLE) | ||||
Yes | 17 (4.9) | 15 (6.5) | 2 (1.7) | 0.05 |
No | 333 (95.1) | 219 (93.5) | 118 (98.3) | |
CVDs | ||||
Yes | 64 (18.3) | 42 (18.3) | 22 (18.3) | 0.99 |
No | 286 (81.7) | 188 (81.7) | 98 (81.7) | |
Hepatitis C virus | ||||
Yes | 58 (16.6) | 23 (10) | 35 (29.2) | < 0.001* |
No | 292 (83.4) | 207 (90) | 85 (70.8) | |
Cancer | ||||
Yes | 13 (3.7) | 11 (4.8) | 2 (1.7) | 0.23 |
No | 337 (96.3) | 219 (95.2) | 118 (98.3) | |
Kidney stone | ||||
Yes | 9 (2.6) | 7 (3) | 2 (1.7) | 0.72 |
No | 341 (97.4) | 223 (97) | 118 (98.3) | |
III. Chronic kidney disease | ||||
eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | ||||
Median (inter-quartile range) | 27 (18–37) | 26 (18–34) | 31 (19–44.75) | 0.003* |
CKD stage | ||||
Stage 2 | 13 (3.7) | 6 (2.6) | 7 (5.8) | |
Stage 3a | 44 (12.6) | 21 (9.1) | 23(19.2) | 0.007* |
Stage 3b | 97 (27.7) | 62 (27) | 35 (29.2) | |
Stage 4 | 196 (56.0) | 141 (61.3) | 55 (45.8) | |
IV. History of intake of selected interacting drugs with NSAIDs | ||||
Diuretics | 34 (9.7) | 19 (8.3) | 8 (6.7) | 0.20 |
RAAS inhibitors | 70 (20) | 53 (23) | 17 (14.2) | 0.04* |
Both | 22 (6.3) | 14 (6.1) | 8 (6.7) | 0.83 |