Pattern of cognitive impairment among community-dwelling elderly in Egypt and its relation to socioeconomic status

Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association

Table 3 Association between cognitive function (normal, MCI or dementia) and sociodemographic and medical data of the studied Egyptian elderly, 2020–2022 (n = 470)

Variable	MoCA test						p-value
	Normal (n = 234)		MCI (n = 177)		Dementia (n = 59)
	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
Age (years)							< 0.001^*
60–69	214	59.6	131	36.5	14	3.9
70–79	20	21.9	41	45.1	30	33.0
≥ 80	0	0	5	25.0	15	75.0
Sex							0.047^*
Male	178	52.5	116	34.2	45	13.3
Female	56	42.7	61	46.6	14	10.7
Marital status							< 0.001^*
Married	200	62.7	102	32.0	17	5.3
Single	6	42.9	7	50.0	1	7.1
Widow	26	19.6	66	49.6	41	30.8
Divorced	2	50.0	2	50.0	0	0.0
Education							< 0.001^*
Low education	123	44.7	115	41.8	37	13.5
High education	111	56.9	62	31.8	22	11.3
Smoking							< 0.001^*
Nonsmoker	133	53.6	94	37.9	21	8.5
Smoker	86	54.8	54	34.4	17	10.8
Ex-smoker	15	23.1	29	44.6	21	32.3
Number of comorbidities							< 0.001^*
No comorbidities	38	82.6	6	13.0	2	4.4
1–2 comorbidities	137	64.6	69	32.5	6	2.9
≥ 3 comorbidities	59	27.8	102	48.1	51	24.1
Types of comorbidities							< 0.001^*
DM
Yes	63	35.8	81	46.0	32	18.2
No	171	58.2	96	32.6	27	9.2
Hypertension
Yes	87	43.9	73	36.9	38	19.2	< 0.001^*
No	147	54.0	104	38.2	21	7.8
Neurological disorders^#
Yes	16	23.2	29	42.0	24	34.8	< 0.001^*
No	218	54.4	148	39.9	35	8.7
Sensory impairment^#
Yes	38	30.7	52	41.9	34	27.4	< 0.001^*
No	196	56.6	125	36.2	25	7.2	< 0.001^*
Family history of cognitive impairment							0.002^*
Yes	14	29.2	22	45.8	12	25.0
No	220	52.1	155	36.7	47	11.2

^*Significant. ^#Neurological disorders such as cerebrovascular stroke, Parkinson disease, epilepsy, and brain tumors. ^#Sensory impairment such as visual or hearing impairment